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Introductory Networking Room WriteUp

This is my write ups for Introductory Networking Room on Try Hack Me.​

This room is a Walkthrough type of room

I will not go deep into why the answer is "x" or "y", that part is your job to understand what the room is trying to teach you.

Task 1 - Introduction ​

The aim of this room is to provide a beginner's introduction to the basic principles of networking. Networking is a massive topic, so this really will just be a brief overview; however, it will hopefully give you some foundational knowledge of the topic, which you can build upon for yourself.

The topics that we're going to cover in this room are:

The OSI Model
The TCP/IP Model
How these models look in practice
An introduction to basic networking tools

Let's get started!

Task 2 - The OSI Model: An Overview ​

  • Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP? 4

  • Which layer checks received packets to make sure that they haven't been corrupted? 2

  • In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission? 2

  • Which layer transmits and receives data? 1

  • Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format? 6

  • Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers? 5

  • Which layer accepts communication requests from applications? 7

  • Which layer handles logical addressing? 3

  • When sending data over TCP, what would you call the "bite-sized" pieces of data? Segments

  • Research Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with? 7

  • Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video? UDP

Task 3 - Encapsulation ​

  • How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)? Frames

  • How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected? Datagrams

  • What process would a computer perform on a received message? De-encapsulation

  • Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation? Data Link

  • Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)? Aye

Task 4 - The TCP/IP Model ​

  • Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP? TCP/IP

  • Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Transport

  • Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Application

  • The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)? Physical

  • Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer? Internet

  • What kind of protocol is TCP? Connection-based

  • What is SYN short for? Synchronise

  • What is the second step of the three way handshake? SYN/ACK

  • What is the short name for the "Acknowledgement" segment in the three-way handshake? ACK

Task 5 - Networking Tools Ping ​

  • What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website? ping bbc.co.ukc

  • Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk. What is the IPv4 address? 217.160.0.152

  • What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests? -i

  • What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4? -4

  • What switch would give you a more verbose output? -v

Task 6 - Networking Tools Traceroute ​

  • What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute? -i

  • What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route? -T

  • [Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)? Internet

Task 7 - Networking Tools WHOIS ​

  • What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com? 94025

  • When was the facebook.com domain first registered? 29/03/1997

  • Which city is the registrant based in? Redmond

  • [OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com? Bellevue Golf Course

  • What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com? msnhst@microsoft.com

Task 8 - Networking Tools Dig ​

  • What is DNS short for? Domain Name System

  • What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain? Recursive

  • What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc)? Use the long version of the name. Top-Level Domain

  • Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain? Local Cache

  • [Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one? 8.8.4.4

  • If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show? 86400

Task 9 - Further Reading ​

On to next room

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